Throughout history, religion has constituted an integral aspect of human society, but its role in conflict resolution and peacebuilding is usually neglected or debated in most development discourses. While scholars seem to agree that religion is often used to provoke and intensify conflicts, its potential for peacebuilding is widely contested. More often than not, religion is seen as a hindrance to peacebuilding efforts because of the religious undertone surrounding most violent conflicts. Despite these realities, religion remains a crucial variable to contend with as it continues to shape the worldview of most people, making it important to understand the connection between religion, conflict and peacebuilding. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the crucial role that religion can play in peacebuilding efforts. More so, governments and policymakers are beginning to explore ways to engage better with religious actors on peace and development, making it important for scholars and practitioners to invest in evidence-based and data-driven research on religious peacebuilding.
While research works abound on the role religion plays in stirring or escalating conflict, very little exists on the role it plays in preventing violent conflicts or in the aftermath of conflicts, especially in the areas of peacebuilding. Thus, as scholars and practitioners seek to understand the intersections between religion and peacebuilding better, there is a need for a comprehensive bibliography that highlights the key concepts, theoretical frameworks, methodologies, case studies, and debates in the field of religious peacebuilding. This selected bibliography, therefore, aims to provide a foundational resource for scholars and practitioners interested in exploring the complex relationship between religion, conflict, and peacebuilding. It spotlights articles that illuminate the various ways in which religious beliefs, actors, and institutions can influence conflict and peacebuilding efforts. It also outlines works of literature that identify best practices and lessons learned from different religious peacebuilding initiatives worldwide. I hope you find them helpful:
Published Books
Abu-Nimer, M. 2003. Nonviolence and peacebuilding in Islam: Theory and practice. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press.
Albright, M. 2006. The mighty and the almighty: Reflections on America, God and world affairs. New York: HarperCollins.
Appleby, R.S. 2000. The ambivalence of the sacred: religion, violence, and reconciliation. Lanham: Rowan & Littlefield.
Appleby, R.S., Omer, A. & Little, D. Eds. 2015. The Oxford handbook of religion, conflict, and peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Arinze, F.A. 2003. Religions for peace: A call for solidarity to the religions of the world. New York: Doubleday.
Ashworth, J., Ruun, H.L., Lo Willa, E. & Ryan, M. 2014. The voice of the voiceless: The role of the church in the Sudanese civil war, 1983-2005. Nairobi, Kenya: Paulines Publications Africa.
Avalos, H. 2005. Fighting words: the origins of religious violence. Amherst, NY: Promethus Books.
Banchoff, T. Ed. 2008. Religious pluralism, globalisation and world politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Beck, U. 2010. A God of one’s own: Religion’s capacity for peace and potential for violence. 3rd Edition. United Kingdom: Polity Press.
Best, S.G., and Hoomlong, H.N. 2011. Faith-based organisations and post-conflict transformation in Nigeria. Ibadan: John Archers Ltd.
bin Talal, H. 2004. To be a Muslim: Islam, peace, and democracy. Brighton, UK: Sussex Academic Press, 2004.
Brewer, J.D., Higgins, G. I., & Teeney, F. 2011. Religion, civil society, and peace in Northern Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bruce, S. 2003. Politics and religion. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Byrne, T. 1988. Working for Justice and Peace: A Practical Guide. Zambia: Mission Press.
Calderisi, R. 2013. Earthly missions: The Catholic Church and world development. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Carter, J., Hayward, S., Marshall, K., Jenkins, M., Prewitt, A. D., & Kadayifci-Orellana, S. A. (2015). Women, religion, and peacebuilding: Illuminating the unseen. United States Institute of Peace Press.
Cavanaugh, W.T. 2009. The myth of religious violence: Secular ideology and the roots of modern conflict. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Christian Council of Nigeria. 1969. Christian concern in the Nigeria civil war. Ibadan: Daystar Press.
Coward, H. & Smith, G.S. Eds. 2004. Religion and peacebuilding. Albany, State University of New York Press.
Dawkins, R. 2006. The God delusion. London: Bantam Press.
Dorr, D. 1992. Option for the Poor: Catholic Social Teachings. Ireland: Gill and Macmillan.
Dragovic, D. 2015. Religion and post-conflict statebuilding: Roman Catholic and Sunni Islamic perspectives. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ehusani, G.O. 1996. A Prophetic Church. Osun State: Provincial Pastoral Institute Publications.
Ehusani, G.O. 2003. 2nd Edition. A prophetic church. Nigeria: Society of Saint Paul.
Ellen, J. 2010. Cruel creeds, virtuous violence: Religious violence across culture and history. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
Enwerem, I.M. 1995. A dangerous awakening: The politicization of religion in Nigeria. Ibadan: IFRA-Nigeria.
Falola, T. 1998. Violence in Nigeria: The crisis of religious politics and secular ideologies. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.
Ferguson, J. 1978. War and peace in the world’s religion. New York: Oxford University Press.
Frazer, O., and Friedli, R. 2015. Approaching religion in conflict transformation: Concepts, cases and practical implications. Zurich: Centre for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich.
Frazer, O., and Owen, M. 2018. Religion in conflict and peacebuilding: Analysis guide. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
Frost, J.W. 2004. A history of Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, and Muslim perspectives on war and peace Volume II: A Century of Wars. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
Gehlin, S. 2020. Pathways for theology in peacebuilding: Ecumenical approaches to just peace. Netherlands: Brill Publishers.
Gopin, M. 2000. Between Eden and Armageddon: the future of world religions, violence, and peacemaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gopin, M. 2002. Holy war, holy peace: how religion can bring peace to the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harris, S. 2014. The end of faith: Religion, terror and the future of reason. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Hassan, Y.F. & Gray, R. 2012. Religion and conflict in Sudan. Nairobi: Paulines Publication.
Hawskley, T. 2020. Peacebuilding and Catholic social teaching. Indiana, United States: University of Notre Dame Press.
Haynes, J. 2007. Religion and development. Conflict or cooperation? New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hertog, K. 2010. The complex reality of religious peacebuilding: Conceptual contribution and critical analysis. New York: Lexington Books.
Hitchens, C. 2008. God is not great: How religion poisons everything. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Johnston, D. Ed. 2003. Faith-based diplomacy: Trumping realpolitik. New York: Oxford University Press.
Johnston, D., and Sampson, C. Eds. 1994. Religion: The missing dimension of statecraft. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jones, J.W. 2002. Terror and transformation: The ambiguity of religion in psychoanalytic perspective. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Juergensmeyer, M. 2003. Terror in the mind of God: The global rise of religious violence. 3rd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kaigama, I.A. 2006. Dialogue of life: An urgent necessity for Nigerian Muslims and Christians. Jos: Fab Educational Books.
Kimball, C. 2008. When religion becomes evil. San Francisco: HarperOne.
Kippenberger, H. 2011. Violence as worship: Religious wars in the age of globalisation. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Korieh, C.J., and G.U. Nwokeji. G.U. 2005. Eds. Religion, history, and politics in Nigeria: Essays in honour of Ogbu U. Kalu. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.
Lefebure, L.D. 2000. Revelations, the religions, and violence. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis.
Lincoln, B. 2003. Holy terror: Thinking about religion after September 11. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Little, D. Ed. 2007. Peacemakers in action: Profiles of religion in conflict resolution. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lombardi, C.B. and Wellman, J.K. Eds. 2012. Religion and human security: A global perspective. New York, Oxford University Press.
Marsden, L. Ed. 2016. The Ashgate research companion to religion and conflict resolution. London: Routledge.
Massaro, T. 2010. Living justice: Catholic social teachings in action. Maryland, United Kingdom: Rowman and Littlefield.
McTernan, O. 2003. Violence in God’s name: Religion in an age of conflict. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
Meral, Z. 2018. How violence shapes religious belief and conflict in the Middle East and Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Murphy, A.R. Ed. 2011. The Blackwell companion to religion and violence. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Musser, D.W., and Sutherland, D.D. 2005. War or words? Interreligious dialogue as an instrument of peace. Cleveland, Ohio: Pilgrim Press.
O’Leary, S and Tom, Z. 2003. Building Parish Justice and Peace Groups: A Training Manual. Delmenville: Lumko Institute.
Odak, S. 2021. Religion, Conflict and peacebuilding: The role of religious leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature.
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Omer, A., Appleby, R.S. and Little, D. Eds. 2015. The Oxford handbook of religion, conflict and peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Omondi, E., & Kaulema, D. Eds. 2014. Catholic Church leadership in peace building in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: Paulines Publications Africa.
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Onaiyekan, J.O. 2013. Seeking common grounds: Inter-religious dialogue in Africa. Abuja: Paulines Publications Africa.
Paden, J.N. 2005. Muslim civic cultures and conflict resolution: The challenges of democratic federalism in Nigeria. Washington Dc: Brookings Institution Press.
Russell, J.B. 2012. Exposing myths about Christianity. Downers Grove, III: IVP Books, p.56.
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Sandal, N.A. 2017. Religious leaders and conflict transformation: Northern Ireland and beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schwartz, R.M. 1997. The curse of Cain: The violent legacy of monotheism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Seiple, C., Hoover, D.R. and Otis, P. 2012. Eds. The Routledge handbook of religion and security. London: Routledge.
Selengut, C. 2003. Sacred fury: Understanding religious violence. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira.
Shah, T., Stepan, A. and M. Toft. eds. 2012. Rethinking religion and world affairs. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Shore, M. 2009. Religion and conflict resolution: Christianity and South Africa’s truth and reconciliation commission. United Kingdom: Ashgate.
Singh, K. & Clark, J.S. 2016. Voices from religions on sustainable development. Berlin, Germany: German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ).
Sisk, T. D. Ed. 2011. Between terror and tolerance: Religious leaders, conflict, and peacemaking. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Smock, D. Ed. 2002. Interfaith dialogue and peacebuilding. Washington, D.C: United States Institute of Peace.
Smock, D.R. 1995. Perspectives on pacifism: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim views on nonviolence and international conflict. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Smock, D.R. Ed. 2010. Religious contributions to peacemaking. New York: Nova Science Pub.
Stanslaus, M., and Muyebe, A. 2001. The African Bishops on human rights: A resource book. Nairobi, Kenya: Pauline Publications.
Steen-Johnsen, T. 2017. State and politics in religious peacebuilding. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
Steffen, L. 2003. The demonic turn: the power of religion to inspire or restrain violence. Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press.
Stern, J. 2003. Terror in the name of God: why religious militants kill. New York: Ecco.
Suesens, C.L.J. 1994. The gospel to every creature. Maryland, United States: Newman Press.
Tarimo, A. 2004. Human rights, cultural differences and the church in Africa. Morogoro: Salvation Institute of Philosophy and Theology.
Thompson, H.O. 1988. World religions in war and peace. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Umaru, T. 2013. Christian-Muslim dialogue in northern Nigeria: A socio-political and theological consideration. New York: Xlibris LLC.
Ward, K. 2007. Is religion dangerous? Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.
Wijsen, F. 2007. Seeds of conflict in a haven of peace: From religious studies to interreligious studies in Africa. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Chapter in a Book
Agbo, C.A. 2014. Bishop Matthew Hassan Kukah: Bridging the gap between prophetic rhetoric and prophetic action. In E.O. Opongo and D. Kaulema. Eds. Catholic Church leadership in peacebuilding in Africa (pp.136-153). Nairobi, Kenya: Paulines Publications Africa.
Ali, B.S. 2007. Peace: Islamic perspectives. In K. Kunnumpuram. Ed. World peace: An impossible dream? (pp.71-83). Mumbai: Better Yourself Dream.
Appleby, S. R. 2001. Religion as an agent of conflict transformation and peacebuilding. In C.A. Crocker., et al. Eds. Turbulent peace: The challenges of managing international conflict (pp.821–840). 2nd Ed. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Appleby, S.R. & Little, D. 2004. A moment of opportunity? The promise of religious peacebuilding in an era of religious and ethnic conflict. In H. Howard & G.S. Smith. Eds. Religion and Peacebuilding (pp.1-23). New York: Albany.
Appleby, S.R. 2008. Building sustainable peace: The roles of local and transnational religious actors. In. T. Banchoff. Ed. Religious pluralism, globalisation and world politics (pp. 125-154). New York: Oxford University Press.
Babagario, E.A. 2016. Religion as a catalyst for peacebuilding in Jos, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. In D. Irvin-Erickson, and P.C. Phan. Eds. Violence, religion, peacemaking: Contributions of inter-religious dialogue (pp.169-184). Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Carter, J., & Smith, G.S. 2004. Religious peacebuilding, from potential to action. In H. G. Coward & G. S. Smith. Eds. Religion and peacebuilding (pp. 279–303). New York: State University of New York Press.
Çetin, Ö. 2012. Faith-based peace-building in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The case of Islamic leadership. In L. Marsden. Ed. The Ashgate research companion to religion and conflict resolution (pp. 297–318). Farbhan: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Effevottu, E.S. (2022). The Catholic Justice Development and Peace Commission (JDPC), peacebuilding, and sustainable development in democratic Nigeria, 1999-2019. In R. Olaniyi and I. Hassan. Eds. Democracy in two decades, 1999-2019: Reflections on nation-building and development in Nigeria (pp.405-418). Ibadan, Nigeria: Swift Publishers.
Ekwunife, A. 2003. Historical overview of religious and interreligious conflicts in Nigeria- Management, resolutions, and interventions. In H.A. Adigwe. Ed. One God, many religions: Let us talk. Abuja, Nigeria: Catholic Secretariat of Nigeria.
Ezeh, M. 2012. Genocide by starvation: The role of religious organisations and the local population in relief operations in the Nigeria-Biafra War. In C.J. Korieh. Ed. The Nigerian-Biafra War: Genocide and the politics of memory. Amherst: Cambria.
Ganiel, G. 2012. Striking a balance: Christianity and the challenges of long-term human security in Zimbabwe. In J. K. Wellman & C. B. Lombardi. Eds. Religion and human security: a global perspective (pp. 172–188). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Haynes, J. 2009. Religion, security and development in Routledge Handbook of Religion and Politics. London: Routledge.
Johnston, D. 2005. Faith-based organisations: the religious dimension of peacebuilding’. In P. Van Tongeren., et al. Eds. People building peace II: Successful stories of civil society. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Johnston, D.M. & Eastvold, J. 2004. History unrequited: Religion as provocateur and peacemaker in the Bosnian conflict in H.G. Coward & G.S. Smith Eds. Religion and Peacebuilding (pp. 213-242). Albany: State University of New York Press,
Johnston, D.M., and Cox, B. 2003. Faith-based diplomacy and preventive engagement. In D. Johnston (Ed.). Faith-Based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik (pp.11-29). New York: Oxford University Press.
Kadayifci-Orellana, S.A. 2017. Religion and mediation: Strange bedfellows or natural allies? In A. Georgakopoulos. Ed. The handbook of mediation: Theory, research and practice (pp. 369-378). New York: Routledge.
Lado Tonlieu Ludovic, S.J. 2021. Religion and peacebuilding in Africa. In. T. McNamee., and M. Muyangwa. Eds. The state of peacebuilding in Africa: Lessons learned from policy makers and practitioners (pp.47-64). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lederach, J.P. 2010. The long journey back to humanity: Catholic peacebuilding with armed actors. In R. Schreiter., R.S. Appleby & G. Powers. Eds. Peacebuilding: Catholic theology, ethics and praxis (pp. 23-55). Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
Little, D. and Appleby, S. 2004. A moment of opportunity: The promise of religious peacebuilding in an era of religious and ethnic conflict. In H. Coward and G.S. Smith. Eds. Religion and peacebuilding (pp.1-23). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
Maseko, L.P. 2020. Sustainable peace and development: Peacebuilding by the ecumenical church leaders’ forum: The Case of Zaka in Zimbabwe. In E. Chitando., M.R. Gunda, and L. Togaresei. Eds. Religion and development in Africa. (pp.335-352). Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press.
Omenka, N.I. 2021. The Catholic Church and the post-war rehabilitation and reconstruction in Nigeria. In C.J. Korieh. Ed. New perspectives on the Nigeria-Biafra war: No victor, no vanquished (pp.19-44). New York: Lexington Books.
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Pearson, P. 2011. Pursuing truth, reconciliation, and human dignity in South Africa: Lessons for Catholic peacebuilding. In. R.J. Schreiter., R.S. Appleby, and G.F. Powers. Eds. Peacebuilding: Catholic theology, ethics, and praxis (pp.190-220). India: Theological Publications in India.
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Schreiter, R. 2010. The Catholic social imaginary and peacebuilding: Ritual, sacrament, and spirituality. In R. Schreiter., R.S. Appleby & G. Powers. Eds. Peacebuilding: Catholic theology, ethics and praxis (pp. 221-239). Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
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Journal Articles
Abu-Nimer, M. 2001. Conflict resolution, culture, and religion: Toward a training model of interreligious peacebuilding. Journal of Peace Research, 38(6), 685-704.
Abu-Nimer, M. 2011. Religious leaders in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: From violent incitement to nonviolence resistance. Peace and Change, 36(4), 556-580.
Abu-Nimer, M. 2015. Religion and peacebuilding: Reflections on current challenges and future prospects. Journal of Interreligious Studies, 16, 13-29.
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Ashworth, J. 2017. South Sudan: How is the church responding to Africa’s forgotten war? The Tablet, January 12.
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Fabra-Mata, J., & Jalal, M. 2018. Female Religious Actors as Peace Agents in Afghanistan. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 13(2), 76-90.
Faseke, B.O. 2019. Quaker mission in the Nigerian civil war and Ephraim Isaac’s mediation in the Ethiopian civil war: Lessons in religious peacebuilding. Journal of religion and Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 38(4), 350-367.
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Gopin, M. 1997. Religion, violence, and conflict resolution. Peace and Change 22(1), 1-31.
Haynes, J. 2009. Conflict, conflict resolution and peace-building: The role of religion in Mozambique, Nigeria and Cambodia. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 47(1), 52-75.
Hayward, S. 2012. Religion and peacebuilding: Reflections on current challenges and future prospects. USIP Special Report. Washington DC: The United States Institute of Peace.
Horgan, J. 1968. The church and the war, III. Irish Times, March 21: 10.
Horn, N. 2010. Churches and political reconciliation in post-apartheid Namibia. Review of Faith and International Affairs 8(1), 55-62.
Johnston, D.M., and Cox, B. 2016. Faith-based diplomacy and preventive engagement. Religion and Peace, 179-196.
Jordhus-Lier, D and Braathen, E. 2013. Churches and peace-building in eastern DR Congo and northern Uganda. Forum for Development Studies 40(1),111-127.
Ikenga-Metuh, E. 1994. Two decades of religious conflicts in Nigeria: a recipe for peace. Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 6(1), 69-93.
Kadayifci-Orellana, A., & Sharify-Funk, M. (2010). Muslim Women Peacemakers and Agents of Change. Qamar ul-Huda, Crescent and Dove, 190.
Kadayifci-Orellana, S. A. (2015). Muslim Women’s Peacebuilding Initiatives. Women, religion, and peacebuilding, 71-96.
King, A.S., and Owen, S. 2020. From dialogue to action: The promise and challenge of a multireligious approach to peacebuilding: A Myanmar case study. religions, 11(3), 121.
Kukah, M.H. 2007. Christian-Muslim relations in Sub-Saharan Africa: Problems and prospects. Islam-Christian Muslim Relations, 18(2), 155-164.
Kukah, M.H. 2023. The church, human rights, and democracy in Africa. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 23(1), 48-62.
Little, D. 2006. Religion, conflict and peace. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 38(1), 95-103.
Maregere, T.P. 2011. Religion: A source of conflict and a resource for peace. Conflict Trend Issue, 1, 17-23.
Martins, A. 2003. Ecumenical dialogue. In H. A. Adigwe. Ed. One God, many religions: Let us talk. Abuja, Nigeria: Catholic Secretariat of Nigeria.
Neufeldt, R.C. 2011. Interfaith dialogue: assessing theories of change. Peace and Change 36(3), 346.
Nwaka, J.C. 2019. The ambivalence of the sacred: Religion, conflict resolution, and peacebuilding in northern, Nigeria, 2000-2015. African Peacebuilding Network, APN Working Papers, No. 24.
Nwaka, J.C. 2020. Faith-based actors and post-conflict peacebuilding in Jos and Kaduna: 2000-15. African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, 10(1), 50-71.
Nwaka, J.C., and Uzebu-Imarhiagbe, E. 2020. Religion and mediation in northern Nigeria, 2000-2005. Journal of African-Centred Solutions, 28.
Nweke, P.C. 2018. Religious peacebuilding in Nigeria. Peace and Review, 30(4), 440-447.
Ochieng, M. 2019. Role of women in peacebuilding and post-conflict transformation Africa: A Catholic Church perspective. International Journal of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, 1(2), 1-12.
Odoemene, A. 2012. Oiling the Frictions in Socio-political Conflicts: Faith-based Institutional Leadership of the JDPC in Grassroots Peace-making in Nigeria. African Conflict and Peace building Review 2(2), 51-76.
Olaifa, T. 2014. Curbing violent extremism through peacebuilding in Nigeria. Journal of US-China Public Administration 14(2), 221-231.
Omenka, N.I. 2010. Blaming the Gods: Christian religious propaganda in the Nigeria-Biafra War. The Journal of African History, 51(3), 367-389.
Onaiyekan, J. 1991. Evangelisation and human rights issues in Africa today: Some pastoral reflections. West African Journal of Ecclesiastical Studies, 3, 1-8.
Ossai, E.C. 2019. The relevance of interreligious collaboration in peacebuilding. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) 3(4).
Philpott, D. 2007. What religion brings to the politics of transitional justice. Journal of International Affairs, 61(1), 93-110.
Powers, G. 2017. Toward an integral Catholic peacebuilding. The Journal of Social Encounters 1(1), 1-13.
Reychler, L. 1997. Religion and conflict. The International Journal of Peace Studies, 2(1), 19-38.
Richard, K.B. 2020. Community involvement and the role of the church in peacebuilding in Kenya: Amani Mashina Approach. The Journal of Social Encounters, 4(1), 22-32.
Schiesser, C. 2020. Religion and peace: Anatomy of a love-hate relationship. religions, 11.219.
Sikand, Y. 2003. Peace, dialogue, and Dawa: An analysis of the writings of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan. Islam and Muslim-Christian Relations, 14(1), 33-49.
Sinesky, J. 2015. Unlocking a narrative: stories of Islam, peacebuilding, and conflict transformation. Capstone Collection, 2764.
Smock, D. 2001. Catholic contributions to international peace. USIP Special Report. Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace.
Stante, N.F. 2020. Christian-Muslim women in religious peacebuilding: Breaking cycles of violence. Poligrafi, 25(99/100), 45-55.
Steen-Johnsen, T. 2020. The rhetoric of love in religious peacebuilding. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 35(4), 433-448.
Steen-Johnsen, T. 2021. A Social Capital Perspective on the Peace Work of Religious Women. Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 56(1), 55-75.
Svensson, I. 2007. Fighting with faith: Religion and conflict resolution in civil wars. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51(6), 930-949.
Ukowa, U. 2003. Politics, ethno-religious conflict and democratic consolidation in Nigeria. Journal of Modern African Studies, 1, 115-138.
Wiseberg, L. 1975. Christian churches and the Nigerian Civil War. Journal of African Studies, 2(3), 297-331.
Grey Literature
Banaszak, A. 2015. The Christian concept of peace in terms of the Catholic Church teaching. A paper presented at the 15th international conference on human rights. Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy, Jozefow, Poland.
Brahm, E. 2005. Religion and conflict: beyond intractability. In G. Burgess and H. Burgess (Eds). Conflict Information Consortium. Retrieved on 27/08/2021 from https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/religion_and_conflict%20
Catholic Relief Services. 2017. Integrating peacebuilding, governance and gender for influence and impact: Experiences and lessons from recent cases. Baltimore: Catholic Relief Services.
Catholics Building Peace: Tools, materials and strategies from around the world. Report based on the first conference of the Catholic Peacebuilding Network, University of Notre Dame, May 17-19, 2004.
Effevottu, E.S. 2017. The Justice Development and Peace Commission (JDPC) and women empowerment in Ibadan, 1991-2015. M.A. Dissertation, Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ezenezi, F.C. 2015. Contemporary challenges for Vatican II’s theology of the laity: The Nigerian Church experience. PhD Thesis, Department of Theology, University of St. Michael’s College.
Ezeokeke, E.C. 2018. The identity of the Catholic Church in Igboland, Nigeria. Doctoral Thesis in Systematic Theology. Faculty of Theology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin.
Famave, T.T. 2019. Fostering dialogue and engagement: The role of the Catholic Church in Nigeria. Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Licentiate in Sacred Theology, Santa Clara University, Berkeley, California.
Iloh, T.I. 2019. The mission of the church in the light of the teachings of the Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria, 1965-2017. Doctoral Thesis, Systematic Theology, Faculty of Theology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin.
Joniel, L. 2017. How can religions wisely build peace in our societies. The Lutheran World Federation. Retrieved on 31/08/2021 from https://www.lutheranworld.org/blog/how-can-religions-wisely-build-peace-our-societies
Justice, Peace and Human Development: A Priority for the Church in Nigeria. A Publication of the Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria.
Kassa, T. 2014. The role of faith-based civil society organisation in peacemaking in Ethiopia and South Sudan: a comparative perspective. M.A. Thesis, African Intellectual History and Comparative Studies, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Krebs, A.K. 2013. The role of religion in international conflicts and their mediation: Finnish peace mediators’ conceptions. Master’s Thesis, University of Helsinki.
Kukah. M.H. 2007. Religion, culture, and the politics of development. Public lecture, Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilisation.
Njoroje, M.E. 2011. Church’s approaches to peacebuilding and reconciliation in ethnic conflict areas in Kenya: A case study of the Laikipia West District. M.A. Thesis, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kenyatta University.
Nwaka, J. C. 2007. The Church and Peacebuilding: A case study of the Catholic Institute for Development, Justice and Peace, Enugu, 1986-2003. Masters’ Dissertation, Department of History, Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan.
Nwaka, J.C. 2011. The Catholic Church and conflict management during the Nigerian civil war. PhD Thesis, Department of History, University of Ibadan.
Obiaga, N. 1983. The politics of humanitarian intervention: An analysis of the humanitarian organisations’ role in the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970). PhD Thesis. Department of Political Science, Atlanta University.
Ojeifo, E. 2019. Africa’s eminent prelate: An intimate portrait of God’s general John Cardinal Onaiyekan, CON.
Omenka, N.I. 2018. The man Bishop Godfrey Mary Paul Okoye and his peace and humanitarian efforts in the Nigeria-Biafra war. A paper delivered on the occasion of the workshop marking the golden jubilee celebration of the foundation of the DDL congregation, Enugu, 6 August.
Omenka, N.I. 2019. The Catholic Church and the post-war rehabilitation and reconstruction in Nigeria, 1970-1975. A public lecture delivered on the occasion of the faculty seminar, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu, 14 March.
Onaiyekan, J. 2017. Keynote lecture on ‘The Culture of Peace and Religion: Between Reality and Ideal. Presented at the Al-Azhar Muslim Elders’ Meeting on Global peace, Cairo.
Onuh, L.E. 2019. Dialogue for peace and solidarity: Pathway to economic sustainability in Nigeria. Licentiate in Sacred Theology, School of Theology and Ministry, Boston College.
Owoeye, E.A. 2003. The church as an actor of justice and peace in Ibadan. A Masters Dissertation submitted to the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan,
Powers, G. 2008. Peacebuilding: A role for religions. Holy See Side Event, United Nations, October.
Ugwu, A.C. 2015. Justice, development and peace commission (JDPC) and community development in Enugu State, Nigeria, 2003-2014. Second PhD Seminar Presentation, Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
United States Institute of Peace. 2020. The Catholic Church and peacebuilding: Bridging the gap between people power and peace processes. Retrieved on 2/11/2022 from https://www.usip.org/events/catholic-church-and-peacebuilding
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